The invention discloses a canal ship power supply system based on shore-based energy sources. The canal ship power supply system based on the shore-based energy sources comprises a shore-based power supply system, a ship-to-shore electric power supply system and a ship power station, wherein the shore-based power supply system comprises a plurality of traction substations and a plurality of contact networks, which are arranged along a canal line, the contact networks are erected above the canal line, the traction substations convey electric energy to the contact networks, the ship-to-shore electric power supply system comprises electricity collection poles arranged on a ship, the electricity collection poles are contacted with the contact networks during the running process of the ship, the electricity collection poles transmit obtained electric energy to the ship power station, and the ship power station transmits the obtained electric energy to a ship electric propulsion system, and provides running power for the ship. The canal ship power supply system based on the shore-based energy sources can solve the problems that the canal ship is seriously polluted and fuel oil is high in cost, and is simple in structure, and convenient and practical due to the fact that the canal ship power supply system based on the shore-based energy sources is installed on the canal ship.