The invention discloses a method for separating and purifying ruthenium. The ruthenium is separated and purified from the ruthenium-containing wastes by virtue of a chemical dissolution-oxalic acid reduction technology, and high-efficiency recovery of the ruthenium in precious metal secondary resource wastes is realized. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating raw materials, namely putting the ground ruthenium wastes into a hydrogen reduction furnace, preserving the temperature for 1-2 hours, cooling to room temperature, and taking out the ruthenium; (2) dissolving, namely slowly adding the ruthenium-containing wastes into a prepared NaOH solution, and slowly adding the NaClO solution; (3) filtering; (4) reducing, namely regulating the pH value of the filtrate by using a HCl solution, and slowly adding a reducing agent; (5) washing, namely siphoning the supernatant, adding an acetic acid solution into the precipitate, stirring, clarifying, siphoning the supernatant, and repeating the operation for 4-9 times; and (6) performing hydrogen reduction, namely filtering, drying the filter cake in a drying box, putting the filter cake in a hydrogen reduction furnace, introducing hydrogen at the temperature of 650-750 DEG C, reducing, thereby obtaining 99.95 percent of ruthenium powder. According to the method, volatile RuO4 is not produced in the production process, the method is nontoxic and safe to operate, the price of the auxiliary materials and the production cost are low, and the industrial production is easily realized.