The invention discloses a compound double planet gear set type oil-electricity parallel-serial hybrid power system, which is composed of an engine, a No.1 motor, a No.2 motor, compound double planet gear sets, an output gear, a first lock, a second lock, an inverter and a super capacitor. The compound double planet gear set type oil-electricity parallel-serial hybrid power system has a compact structure, requires a small installation space, and is easy to control as only two locks are adopted. In an all-electric mode, a planet carrier and the engine are both locked by the first lock arranged on an input shaft, so that a crankshaft of the engine is prevented from reversely rotating, and the system control is simplified. The two motors are arranged on one end away from the engine and are integrated into a whole, so that the motor can be protected against influence caused by heat dissipation of the engine, and a motor cooling system is simplified. The No.1 motor is locked by the second lock arranged on a rotation shaft of the No.1 motor, so that the No.1 motor is prevented from operating near zero speed, and the efficiency of the motor is improved. The super capacitor serves as an energy storage component, so that the power performance of the vehicle is improved, and braking energy can be effectively recycled.