The invention discloses an inertial platform leveling aiming error self-detection method. The method comprises the following steps: allowing an inertial platform to enter a leveling-off state after leveling aiming of the inertial platform, calculating the relatively-local real time attitude of the inertial platform according to measured information of the inertial platform in the state within a period of time, and reckoning the attitude of the platform by combining with a leveling-off time difference until leveling aiming ends in order to realize the method for examining the leveling aiming error of the inertial platform through a self-measurement value. The method has the advantages of simple operation, and realization of accurate leveling aiming error detection.