Provided is a positioning and tracking device and a positioning and tracking system. The device comprises a spherical housing, and a central control device, a vital sign detection device, a camera device, an audio acquisition device, and a wireless communication module arranged in the spherical housing. The vital sign detection device detects vital signs, and obtains detected vital sign information. The audio acquisition device acquires audio information to obtain acquired audio information. The central control device sends a shoot command to the camera device according to the audio information and the vital sign information. The camera device takes pictures according to the shoot command. The wireless communication module sends the audio information, the vital sign information, and image data shot by the camera device to the control terminal. The scheme of the embodiments can flexibly perform positioning and investigation tracking on an investigated target, and efficiency is high.