The invention discloses a novel guide column and guide sleeve structure of a crankshaft forging die. The novel guide column and guide sleeve structure is used for guiding the relative movement between an upper die forging die body and a lower die forging die body of the forging die. The novel guide column and guide sleeve structure comprises three guide column and guide sleeve sets arranged on the parting face between the upper die forging die body and the lower die forging die body. Each guide column and guide sleeve set comprises a guide sleeve only fixed to and positioned on the upper die forging die body or the lower die forging die body, and a guide column which is only fixed to and positioned on the lower die forging die body or the upper die forging die body, corresponding to the guide sleeve on the upper die forging die body or the lower die forging die body and is positioned in the guide sleeve in a slidable and penetrating manner. The three guide column and guide sleeve sets include the two guide column and guide sleeve sets at the two ends of one side of the parting face, and the guide column and guide sleeve set on the other side of the parting face, wherein only one end of the guide column and guide sleeve on the other side of the parting face is positioned. The distribution direction of the guide columns and the guide sleeves, on the upper die forging die body and the lower die forging die body, of the corresponding two guide column and guide sleeve sets is opposite to the distribution direction of the guide column and the guide sleeve, on the upper die forging die body and the lower die forging die body, of the other guide column and guide sleeve set. The novel guide column and guide sleeve structure is simple in structure, beneficial to die arrangement, die replacement and adjustment, convenient and rapid to operate and use, capable of effectively solving the problem that the forging piece offset amount is difficult to control, high in forging process stability and good in product consistency.