The present invention discloses an egg shell material parameter nondestructive testing device and testing method, the egg shell in the testing device comprises a big end and a small end, the small end of the egg shell is provided with an upper flat plate, a lower flat plate is mounted below the big end of the egg shell, the equator of the egg shell is uniformly provided with at least two strain sheets alternate and along the warp and weft directions, and each strain sheet is connected with a signal acquisition system. Through the egg shell material parameter nondestructive testing method, only elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of one point on the equator area of the egg shell are tested, the influence brought about by the uneven thickness can be eliminated, the obtained measured value is more precise, the accuracy of the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio and the true values is improved, the eggshell is overall compressed and tested without cutting process, local error brought by cutting can be avoided, the integrity of the egg shell is ensured, and the implementation of the follow-up mechanics tests of the egg shell can be facilitated.