The invention discloses a railway line inspection method. Traveling train information on a railway line is determined by a traveling train information acquisition subsystem and the traveling train information is transmitted to a data and fault processing subsystem. A flight control system is used for controlling a light track and a flight posture of an unmanned aerial vehicle and avoiding movement of a traveling train. A data acquisition subsystem is arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle and is used for acquiring field data of the railway line and transmitting the field data to the data and fault processing subsystem to be processed; and the field data comprises radar scanning data and field image data of the railway line. The data and fault processing subsystem is used for receiving and analyzing the field data of the railway line and determining types and occurrence positions of faults. With the adoption of the railway line inspection method, the technical problems of an existing railway line inspection manner that the measure is single, the reliability is low, normal traveling is influenced, and requirements on operation safety of high-speed railways cannot be met can be solved.