The invention belongs to the field of substation tour monitoring equipment and particularly relates to an automatic tracking and positioning method for a substation laser navigation patrol robot and an intelligent pan-tilt. According to the method, an observation station and a patrol robot are included, and the intelligent pan-tilt is installed on the patrol robot and can conduct monitoring and shooting. The method comprises the specific steps that 1, an origin of coordinates and coordinates of all observed instruments are set; 2, the patrol robot calculates real-time coordinates of itself and reckons coordinates of the intelligent pan-tilt; 3, the intelligent pan-tilt automatically navigates to a target position (U, V, W) according to coordinates of a detected target; 4, the horizontal rotating angle P, vertical rotating angle T and lens magnifying ratio Z of the pan-tilt are calculated according to the formula (please see the description); 5, instrument images are captured and transmitted back to the observation station in real time. According to the method that the patrol robot automatically patrols the instruments, a traditional demonstration method is abandoned, intelligent and autonomous capabilities of the patrol robot in the patrol process are enhanced, the working efficiency and accuracy of the robot are greatly improved, and great help is provided for instrument recognition in a later period.