A pantograph drive device, comprising a mounting base (33) installed at a bottom end of a lower arm rod (2), and airbags (34) installed on a bottom frame (1), wherein at least two airbags (34) are provided, one end of each airbag (34) is hinged to the bottom frame (1), and the end of each airbag (34) which is not hinged to the bottom frame (1) is a free end (38). The free end (38) of each airbag (34) is serially connected to the free end (38) of an adjacent airbag (34) by means of a rigid connection mechanism, and each airbag (34) can drive the adjacent airbag (34) to move together by means of the rigid connection mechanism; the length direction of the airbag (34) is consistent with a movement direction of a train. The device also comprises a steel cable (31), one end of which being connected to the mounting base (33) and the other end being connected to the free end (38) of the first airbag (34). The pantograph drive device uses multiple small-size airbags, decreasing the height of the bottom frame of the pantograph drive device while reducing a windshield area, and thus reduces wind resistance and facilitates the optimization of aerodynamic performances. Also, a guiding mechanism is arranged outside of the airbags, effectively preventing the issue of contact wear.