The invention relates to the technical field of high speed railway bridge floor structures, in particular to a high speed railway box girder bridge floor prefabricated cable trough. The lower end of a vertical wall and the lower end of a protection wall are anchored to a bridge floor through a first anchorage structure; the first anchorage structure comprises first rebars preburied in the vertical wall and the protection wall and a first sleeve preburied in the bridge floor; the first rebars comprise upper half portions prebured in the vertical wall or the protection wall and lower half portions exposed out of the vertical wall or the protection wall; the first sleeve is of a hollow barrel-shaped structure anchored in the bridge floor, an opening is formed in the upper end of the first sleeve, and the exposed lower half portions of the first rebars stretch into the first sleeve in the vertical direction and are fixedly connected with the first sleeve through grouting materials poured into the first sleeve. The high speed railway box girder bridge floor prefabricated cable trough is simple in structure and convenient to mount, the connecting mode is easy and convenient, the mounting efficiency of a bridge floor wall structure can be greatly improved, the service life of the wall structure can be prolonged, and a large quantity of manpower and material resources is saved.