The invention discloses a high speed railway embankment reinforcement structure of a salinized soil area. The problems of collapsibility and salt expansion of a salinized soil foundation are effectively solved, and the foundation treatment work amount and building cost of a high speed railway foundation of the salinized soil area are greatly reduced. The high speed railway embankment reinforcement structure comprises a foundation bed surface layer, a foundation bed bottom layer upper structural layer, a foundation bed bottom layer lower structural layer, a foundation body, water insulation berm structures, an upper water insulation layer and a lower water insulation. The foundation bed surface layer is arranged on the foundation face, and graded broken stone including no soluble salt is adopted for filling. The foundation bed bottom layer upper structural layer is arranged below the foundation bed surface layer, the thickness is 1.0 m, and coarse-particle soil with the soluble salt content being smaller than 0.3% is adopted for filling. The foundation bed bottom layer lower structural layer is arranged below the foundation bed bottom layer upper structural layer, the thickness is 1.3 m, and coarse-particle soil with the soluble salt content being smaller than 1.5% and the fine particle content being smaller than 5% is adopted for filling. In the foundation body, coarse-particle soil with the soluble salt content being smaller than 1.5% and the fine particle content being smaller than 5% is adopted for filling. The water insulation berm structures are arranged on slope toes on the two sides of an embankment, and coarse-particle soil with the soluble salt content being smaller than 1.5% and the fine particle content being smaller than 5% is adopted for filling. The upper water insulation layer is arranged between the foundation bed surface layer and the foundation bed bottom layer upper structural layer. The lower water insulation layer is arranged in the foundation body, and the two sides of the lower water insulation layer extend to the water insulation berm structures.