The invention provides a cable arranging mechanism of a storage winch. The cable arranging mechanism of the storage winch comprises a storage winch motor, a storage winch support, a storage drum, a bidirectional screw rod, guide rods, a cable arranging pulley and an adjustable drive mechanism. The adjustable drive mechanism comprises a sliding rail, a sliding seat and a rolling wheel. The sliding rail is arranged on the storage winch support; the sliding seat is arranged on the sliding rail and can move along the sliding rail; the rolling wheel is arranged on the sliding seat; an axis of the rolling wheel is perpendicularly intersected with a rotary shaft of the storage drum, and a direction of the axis of the rolling wheel is invariant when the rolling wheel moves on the sliding rail along with the sliding seat; and the rolling wheel is in rolling friction fit to a flange face on one end of the storage drum, and the rolling wheel can drive the bidirectional screw rod to rotate through a transmission shaft and a speed reducer. According to the cable arranging mechanism of the storage winch provided by the invention, the size of the transmission ratio can be changed through adjusting the position of the rolling wheel, so that the cable arranging mechanism of the storage winch can adapt to different cable diameters, and the cable arranging mechanism keeps pace with cable winding. The cable arranging mechanism of the storage winch provided by the invention is simple in structure, safe and reliable, convenient to maintain, and low in cost, and can be applied in cable launch and recovery systems of tethered aerostats and cable arranging mechanisms in the other fields.