The invention discloses a red mud base course and cement concrete road surface composite pavement structure, which belongs to the field of road engineering and industrial waste resource utilization. The red mud base course and cement concrete road surface composite pavement structure comprises a cement concrete surface course in which red mud is mixed, an asphalt mastic binder course, a red mud base course and a red mud subbase course; and the cement concrete surface course in which red mud is mixed, the asphalt mastic binder course, the red mud base course and the red mud subbase course are laid on a soil base from top to bottom. By fully using complementary advantages of rigidities of the red mud modified base course material and the cement concrete material, a novel cement concrete road surface structure is formed through reasonable structural combination; therefore, the application of industrial waste residue red mud in the base course and the surface course of the concrete road surface is realized, the rigidity uniformity of the base course of the cement concrete road surface is improved, diseases such as broken slab and slurry pumping are prevented, and the service life of the cement concrete road surface structure is prolonged while resource utilization of the industrial waste red mud is realized.