The invention provides a method for rapid data query which comprises the steps of setting of database refreshing, initialization, pre-processing, backstage processing and data query, wherein during the initialization, initial data in a database is read and stored into a software cache; during the pre-processing, data which is refreshed latest in the database is read and saved into the software cache; during the backstage processing, updated data in the database will be read when the updated data exists after the database refreshing, the data is stored into the software cache for computation processing, and computation processing results are stored into a register; and during the data query, data is directly extracted from the registers and the pre-processing result. The invention also provides a functional module for the rapid data query. The module comprises the database, a program initialization module, a pre-processing module, a backstage processing module, a query result display module, a program running module and a query request interface.