The invention discloses a straw cutting speed and length adjustable cylinder cutter, belongs to the technical field of a straw resource utilization device, and is mainly used for rapidly and efficiently cutting a straw according to the required cutting length at the low power consumption. The cylinder cutter comprises a cylinder cutting device, a material pressing type feed device and a control display unit. The cylinder cutting device comprises a helical line type cutting moving blade, a horizontal cutting stationary blade and a rotating cylinder for installing the moving blade; the material pressing type feed device comprises an upper floating type material pressing roller, an upper fixing material pressing roller and a belt conveying platform; the cutting length is controlled through the belt conveying speed, and the cutting speed and the cutting efficiency are controlled through the belt conveying speed and the rotating speed of the rotating cylinder together. A controller acquires data through an acquisition test unit, the belt conveying speed and the rotating speed of the rotating cylinder are respectively controlled through calculation according to the set cutting length and the set cutting speed, and the straw is accurately efficiently cut at the low power consumption.