The invention discloses an active flexible assembling and calibrating system based on six-dimensional force control. The active flexible assembly and calibrating system comprises a rack, a supporting plate, a plane adjusting mechanism and a horizontal adjusting mechanism. The supporting plate is adjustably arranged on the rack. The plane adjusting mechanism comprises three plane adjusting components, and all the plane adjusting components are arranged on the supporting plate at intervals. The horizontal adjusting mechanism comprises an upper platform, a lower platform and three branch chains. The lower platform is arranged in the plane adjusting components in a driven manner, the lower end portions of the branch chains are arranged on the lower platform at intervals, and the upper end portions of the branch chains are arranged on the upper platform at intervals.