Relating to the field of freeway construction new technologies, the invention provides a novel reconstruction and expansion structure with a side hinge limiting device. The structure consists of precast segmental plates, cast-in-situ wet joints, longitudinal ribs, PRC pipe piles, PHC pipe piles, joint end capping beams, a longitudinal cast-in-situ segment and corrugated steel guardrail stand columns. The precast segmental plates are connected by the cast-in-situ wet joints, the longitudinal ribs are disposed at the downsides of the precast segmental plates, the PHC pipe piles are arranged at the lower ends of the PRC pipe piles, the PRC pipe piles are fixedly arranged at the lower sides of the longitudinal ribs, the longitudinal cast-in-situ segment is disposed between the precast segmental plates and an original roadbed, and the corrugated steel guardrail stand columns are vertically arranged between the original roadbed and the longitudinal cast-in-situ segment. The novel reconstruction and expansion structure provided by the invention can well transfer the vertical load, also can adapt to temperature, automobile braking force and other horizontal loads, has the advantages of strong integrity, good stability, firmness and durability, and slow deformation accumulation, etc., and is conducive to high-speed driving and reduction of maintenance workload.