The invention relates to a segment loading test device, which comprises a frame system arranged at the periphery of an experimental segment in a surrounded manner and an internal pulling system arranged inside the experimental segment, and is characterized in that the inner side of the frame system is provided with first loading members supported at the outer side surface of the experimental segment, and an external pressure load along the radial direction of the experimental segment is applied to the experimental segment through the first loading members; the end part of the internal pullingsystem is provided with annular structures which are arranged on the experimental segment in a sleeved manner, the part, which is located at the outer side of the experimental segment, of each annularstructure is provided with a second loading member supported at the outer side surface of the experimental segment, and an internal pulling load along the radial direction of the experimental segmentis applied to the experimental segment through the second loading members. The internal pulling system is arranged on the experimental segment in a sleeved manner by adopting the annular structures,so that the internal pulling system is enabled to improve the load loaded to the experimental segment under the premise of not damaging the structural strength of the experimental segment, and thus the accuracy of an experimental test result is ensured.