The invention provides an on-orbit operation planning method giving priority to visual scope. The method establishes a digital model for planning an on-orbit operation task scene and an operation executor, also establishes a digital model for planning a visible view field, sets the optical center and visible axis pointing of the visible view field in the task scene, establishes an obstacle interference detection table and a view field preference table, adjusts initial configuration of operation actions, target configuration, and configuration of mileage points during operation, selects a random sampling-based planning algorithm, and increases the interference detection table and view field preference constraints into the planning algorithm. The method solves the problem that on-orbit operation task design cannot be effectively judged in the spacecraft overall concept and initial development stages, can achieve feasibility confirmation of on-track operation motion trajectory in the concept design stage, gives consideration to the important task implementation principle that on-orbit operations need to be included in the visible scope, and improves the efficiency of designing spacecraft overall operation tasks.