The invention discloses a quick traffic opening repair material for the local plate replacement of a cement concrete pavement. The quick traffic opening repair material comprises rapid repair concreteand an interface agent, wherein the rapid repair concrete comprises the following raw materials: composite cement, wear-resistant medium sand, broken stone, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, water and a composite admixture according to a specific ratio, and the interface agent comprises the following raw materials: composite cement, a composite modifier, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and water according to a specific ratio. The invention further discloses a corresponding construction method. According to the present invention, with the repair material and the construction method thereof, the centralized production and the medium-short-distance transportation can be achieved while the setting time and the early strength at the pouring site can be adjusted so as to meet the traffic opening requirement at the 12th h after the construction, such that the important value is provided for the achievement of the low-cost pavement maintenance and the rapid traffic opening recovery.