The invention discloses a chess playing difficulty grade processing method and a processing device. The method comprises the following steps: recording a chess playing process of a chess player in a human-machine chess playing process in accordance with a preset chess playing difficulty grade; in accordance with the recorded chess playing process, judging whether a chess playing level of the chessplayer adapts to the preset chess playing difficulty grade, so that a judging result is obtained; and offering the judging result as an evidence for setting chess playing difficulty grades of human-machine chess playing in the next turn. With the application of the method and the device provided by the invention, the technical problem in related technologies that a relatively high error is causedsince the chess playing difficulty grades of a robot are adjusted by manpower judgment of a chess player is solved.