The invention belongs to the field of chemical equipment, and specifically relates to a temperature-control-type multilayer fluidized catalytic reactor. The reactor has a cylindrical housing (1); an inlet gas distributor (3) is arranged above a process gas inlet (2); a first-stage isothermal reaction bed layer (4), a second-stage isothermal reaction bed layer (5) and a third-stage isothermal reaction bed layer (6) are arranged above the inlet gas distributor (3) in sequence; a gas-blocking dust-discharging machine (12) is arranged above the bed layer; and a first-stage cyclone separator (13) and a second-stage cyclone separator (14) are arranged above the gas-blocking dust-discharging machine (12). The reactor can efficiently control the temperature of the reaction bed layer, and improvesthe reaction efficiency. A temperature-control-type heat exchanger is utilized, reaction heat is recycled, and high-quality steam which is a by-product is produced. After the reactor is sectioned, backmixing is effectively controlled, and the concentration gradient of the reactor is improved, so that the conversion rate is increased. The single reactor has multi-stage reaction, and the quantity and investment of equipment are lowered.