The invention discloses a three-dimensional subsoiling operation quality detection system, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. In the invention, a transmitter mounting plateof an electromagnetic wave transmitting device and a receiver mounting plate of an electromagnetic wave receiving device are arranged in parallel at the front and rear; the transmitter mounting plateand the receiver mounting plate are located between a middle cross beam and a rear cross beam of a rack I of a subsoiler, and both ends of the transmitter mounting plate and the receiver mounting plate are fixedly connected with inner surfaces of a left longitudinal beam and a right longitudinal beam; and a microcomputer communicates with a communication interface I in the electromagnetic wave receiving device and a communication interface II of the electromagnetic wave transmitting device, separately. According to the invention, multiple electromagnetic wave beams are used to detect the shapeand position of a furrow profile, the detection process does not require manual removal of loose soil, therefore, the accuracy and efficiency of measurement are both higher than those by conventionalmethods, and a three-dimensional image of the furrow can be obtained quickly through processing by the microcomputer such that the tilling depth and subsoiling disturbed area of the subsoiling operations are obtained to provide data support for the evaluation of subsoiling operation quality, the operation efficiency of the subsoiler, and the allowance for subsoiling operations.