The invention provides a robot teaching evaluation method and device. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a sound signal, and obtaining sound spectrum characteristics of the sound signal to serve as target sound spectrum characteristics; comparing the target sound spectrum characteristics and preset sound spectrum characteristics corresponding to currently displayed test questions,taking answers corresponding to the target sound spectrum characteristics as accurate answers of the currently displayed test questions when similarity of the target sound spectrum characteristics and the preset sound spectrum characteristics is more than or equal to a first threshold, and generating test results of the test questions corresponding to the currently displayed test questions according to the answers corresponding to the target sound spectrum; and generating the final test results of the test question set according to the test result of each test question, and transmitting the final test results to a teaching terminal. According to the method, the collected or input answers can be digitalized, so that the answers are automatically detected, the teaching evaluation process issimplified, and related personnel are helped to rapidly obtain the evaluation results.