The invention discloses a low earth orbit space environment and effect integration detection system. The system mainly comprises electron detectors, ion detectors, an atomic oxygen detector, temperature sensors, a potential detector and a pollution detector etc., all circuits are integrated in a circuit board, any three surfaces, arranged at the right angle, of a hexahedral housing are respectively provided with the electron detector and the ion detector, one side surface is also provided with the temperature sensor and the atomic oxygen detector, the other adjacent side surface is also provided with the potential detector, the pollution detector and the temperature sensor, and a third side surface is provided with the circuit board integrating all the circuits. According to the system, the size, the power consumption and the weight of a space environment and effect detection apparatus are greatly reduced, the weight is reduced by more than 60%, the accumulated size is reduced by morethan 80%, the power consumption is reduced by more than 30%, and more than seven detection functions can be realized by one apparatus.