The invention belongs to the field of underground coal mine trackless rubber-tired vehicles and provides a pneumatic system based on vehicle door locking starting of an underground trackless rubber-tired vehicle. In order to solve the problem that various accidents happen due to the fact that a vehicle door is not closed when the trackless rubber-tired vehicle operates and in order to reduce various potential safety hazards generated due to the fact that the vehicle door is not closed, the pneumatic system based on vehicle door locking starting of the underground trackless rubber-tired vehicleis provided and comprises an execution part and a start control part. The execution part comprises an idler wheel lever type reversing valve, the vehicle door and a spring cotter used for closing thevehicle door, and the idler wheel lever type reversing valve is a two-position three-way pneumatic valve controlled by an idler wheel lever to be reversed; and the idler wheel lever of the idler wheel lever type reversing valve is arranged in the driving stroke of the spring cotter. An externally-connected start control part pneumatic system is used for controlling the idler wheel lever type reversing valve to be connected with a choke valve air cylinder and a diesel oil control air cylinder or not, and the requirement that the vehicle can normally start and operate only under the condition that the vehicle door of the vehicle must be closed can be met.