The invention relates to a pre-tensioning-force-adjustable load mechanism device. The pre-tensioning-force-adjustable load mechanism device is a spring mechanism as well as an artificial feel device (i.e. a rod stick simulator), the function of the load mechanism device is to simulate the aerodynamic hinge moment of the control surface of a plane to generate a control load, providing feedback force for a pilot, and the pilot feels the flight attitude of the plane according to the force change of the load mechanism device, so that the plane can be better controlled. The load mechanism is an important part in a control system, the operating performance of the load mechanism directly affects the control of the plane by the pilot, thus affecting the safety of the plane. The objective of the invention is to solve the problem that a straight barrel type load mechanism is not adjustable in pre-tensioning force and is poor in maintainability, and provide the pre-tensioning-force-adjustable load mechanism, solving the problem that the pre-tensioning force of the load mechanism cannot be adjusted again and the load mechanism is poor in maintainability after the load mechanism is safetied, and by optimizing the product structure, friction, air damping and product weight are reduced.