The invention discloses a one-key reset control method and system for a live-line overhaul robot. According to the one-key reset control method and system, the live-line overhaul robot is reset from top to bottom, data of all sensors are fused, the state of the robot is recorded, and the state reset is completed through comparison with the initial position; and meanwhile, safety protection in thereset process of the robot can be realized through the distance data and leakage current data of a mechanical arm and transformer substation equipment.