The invention provides a layered optimization control method for a planetary parallel-serial hybrid power system and belongs to the technical field of new energy vehicles. According to the layered optimization control method for the planetary parallel-serial hybrid power system, two degrees of freedom of the planetary parallel-serial hybrid power system are converted into two control dimensions sothat a layered optimization architecture is designed; by using an instantaneous optimal control strategy, optimization of bottom-layer control is realized; by using a single-dimension global optimization strategy, the optimization of top-layer control is realized; and therefore, the optimization cost is reduced, the computational effort is reduced and the efficiency of an optimization algorithm is enhanced.