The embodiment of the invention provides a reconstruction method and system of images with high resolution ratios. The method comprises the following steps: building constraint functions of target images according to to-be-reconstructed images, total variation regularization terms and fraction order total variation regularization terms; determining fraction orders according to smooth texture characteristics of the to-be-reconstructed images; carrying out near-end mapping on the target images according to the constraint functions so as to acquire de-noising functions and acquiring a first sub-formula and a second sub-formula corresponding to the de-noising functions by utilizing a variable splitting method and an operator splitting method; acquiring first regularization parameters corresponding to the total variation regularization terms and second regularization parameters corresponding to the fraction order total variation regularization terms by utilizing a deviation principle; calculating the first regularization parameters to acquire a first sub-variable in the first sub-formula, and calculating the second regularization parameters to acquire a second sub-variable in the secondsub-formula; and carrying out re-construction according to the first sub-variable and the second sub-variable to acquire the target images. The system is used for implementing the method. According to the embodiment of the invention, the quality of the re-constructed images with the high resolution ratios is improved.