The invention relates to a multi-load and multi-speed hydraulic control system of a high-pressure towing machine. The multi-load and multi-speed hydraulic control system comprises an oil tank (1), a control safety valve group (2), a control pump group (3), a cooler (4), a filter (5), a larboard power pump group (10), a starboard power pump group (6), an isolating valve group (9), a larboard motormaster control valve (11), a starboard motor master control valve (8), a larboard motor control valve group (13), a starboard motor control valve group (15), a control valve group (17), a middle clutch oil cylinder (18), a lower drum clutch oil cylinder (19) and an upper drum clutch oil cylinder (20), and a larboard hydraulic oil-way, a starboard hydraulic oil-way and a control oil-way are formed.By the multi-load and multi-speed hydraulic control system, multi-load and multi-speed towing machine drum output can be achieved, and the multifunctional operation requirement of an anchor handlingtowing supply vessel can be satisfied.