The invention discloses a rocket tank deviation analysis method oriented to face deviation transmission. The method is realized through the following ways: combing a geometric precision indicator system of a tank based on form and position tolerance requirement on parts in the rocket tank manufacturing and assembling process; performing measurement point optimization by combining a measurement point layout principle according to a specific indictor requirement in the geometric precision indicator system, and establishing a hierarchical measurement point system; determining a basic deformationmode based on the geometric sizes and material parameters of idle parts; and constructing a computation model of a local deviation factor by combining the measured measurement point deviation obtainedbased on the hierarchical measurement point system according to the basic deformation mode, and further determining the statistical data of each deviation factor of each part; and establishing a transmission relation of the local deviation factors before and after the parts assembling based on a deformation coordinate relation before and after the assembling, and predicting the deviation of the assembly after the assembling. The deviation analysis in the large thin-wall component assembling process is realized.