The invention provides an unmanned vehicle emergency vehicle avoidance capacity test method and a test field. The test method comprises the steps that scene arrangement for the test field and responding to a to-be-tested vehicle are performed, wherein scene arrangement is performed as follows: the test field comprises a road, and the to-be-tested vehicle is arranged on the road; a reference vehicle is controlled to run in front or back of the same lane or the adjacent lane of the to-be-tested vehicle, and the reference vehicle keeps an avoiding distance with the to-be-tested vehicle; an emergency vehicle is controlled to be close to the to-be-tested vehicle from the rear part of the same lane or the adjacent lane of the to-be-tested vehicle; the step of responding to the to-be-tested vehicle is carried out as follows: when the emergency vehicle is close to the to-be-detected vehicle from the rear part of the same lane or the adjacent lane of the to-be-tested vehicle, the to-be-tested vehicle makes an action of avoiding the emergency vehicle, and the emergency vehicle runs preferentially.