The invention discloses a sectional atmospheric corrected total station ranging method and system. A total station is erected, the ranging line-of-sight trajectory in the target ranging process is obtained, multiple test points are selected on the ranging line-of-sight trajectory, the distance between the total station and a target is divided into n-1 sections of sub-distances, and meteorologicalsensor groups are arranged beside the test points and the target; distance values between all the test points and the total station and the target are measured through the total station, a distance value of each section of the sub-distance is obtained, meteorology information data of each meteorological sensor group is recorded in the measurement process; the distance values of all the sections ofthe sub-distances are corrected and then subjected to summation according to the meteorology information data, and the corrected distance between the total station and the target is obtained. Accordingly, when the total station is used for long-distance measurement, and the meteorological conditions are unstable, the influence of the meteorological conditions on measurement errors can be reduced,and the measurement accuracy can be effectively improved.