The invention discloses a novel single-bag type rubber air spring capable of being continuously used. The rubber air spring comprises an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate and an air bag, and is of a single-bag type, wherein a closed space is formed by the upper cover plate, the lower cover plate and the air bag, an air generating device is arranged in the closed space, an exhaust valve is arranged on the upper cover plate or the lower cover plate, an air generating agent is arranged in the air generating device, and an air generating agent supply device is further arranged in the closed space. The rubber air spring is creatively improved on the basis of an existing rubber air spring, the air generating device capable of inflating the rubber air spring and the exhaust valve capable ofdeflating the rubber air spring are additionally arranged, so that the rubber air spring changes state according to the using environment; at ordinary times, the rubber air spring does not influence normal operation of an offshore drilling rod, and when the drilling rod shakes violently, the rubber spring can be inflated to form a buffer system between the drilling rod and a drilling rod lifting mechanism, so that the drilling rod can be effectively prevented from being broken and damaged, and meanwhile, the rubber air spring can be continuously used.