The invention provides a cutting-free in-place judgment device and method for automatic drilling and riveting program verification. The device comprises a drilling and riveting machine and an extendable and retractable marking device. The rear end of the extendable and retractable marking device is fixedly connected to a tool handle of a perforating main shaft of the drilling and riveting machine.The front end of the extendable and retractable marking device is provided with a marking pen. According to the method, the extendable and retractable marking device substitutes a perforating tool for engineering simulation, and point location drilling and riveting program verification is achieved. According to the cutting-free in-place judgment device and method for automatic drilling and riveting program verification, the drilling and riveting machine is provided with the extendable and retractable marking device, and the requirements of in-place judgment and drilling and riveting program verification conducted in the cutting-free state of shell segment hole location data are met; the assembling technological process simulation concept is converted into engineering operation simulation,so that the implement object and processing process of engineering simulation are highly consistent with the actual production condition; and the confidence level of a judgment result is raised.