The invention discloses a high-power hydraulic mechanical transmission health management system and method. The management system comprises a torque and locking function checking device, a gear shifting prompting and alarming device, an oil level monitoring and alarming device, a main oil pressure monitoring and alarming device and an oil temperature monitoring and alarming device, wherein the management method comprises the following steps of that sequentially acquiring a torque converter unlocking state signal, a torque converter turbine rotating speed, a transmission output rotating speed,the oil level of the transmission, the system pressure in the torque converter and the oil temperature in the transmission, and judging according to the corresponding threshold to form an alarm. The method aims to provide a system and a method for health management of a high-power hydraulic mechanical transmission, the system can be used for effectively monitoring and timely early warning variousfaults inside and outside the hydraulic mechanical transmission, and has an important effect on improvement of product reliability and prevention of sudden faults.