The invention discloses a prediction method and system based on a dynamic evolution model of a human-water coupled mutual feedback system, and belongs to the technical field of social hydrology, and the method comprises the steps: building a population equation according to the inter-basin population scale, relative attraction level and environmental factors; considering the regional net water storage capacity under the condition of water storage engineering, and establishing a water balance equation; establishing an ecological environment equation according to the environmental pollution level and the social and economic levels; establishing a science and technology innovation equation by calculating the regional science and technology progress contribution rate; combining a population equation, a water balance equation, an ecological environment equation and a science and technology innovation equation to construct a human-water coupling mutual feedback system dynamics evolution model; and predicting the basin water demand by using the human-water coupling mutual feedback system dynamics evolution model. According to the method, the collaborative evolution relationship among population, water resources, technologies and environments is comprehensively considered, and the prediction result is more accurate.