The invention discloses a method for optimizing an alarm mechanism of shield tunneling machine advancing axis deviation based on data analysis. The method includes the following steps of a first step,shield tunneling machine advancing data collection; a second step, shield tunneling advancing data denoising; a third step, identifying whether the shield tunneling machine advancing axis deviation trend is a centrifugal trend; a fourth step, calculating the average deviation rate of a shield tunneling machine advancing axis within a time window T; a fifth step, judging whether the deviation rateof the shield tunneling machine advancing axis exceeds standards; and a sixth step, alarming for deviation of the shield tunneling machine advancing axis. According to the deviation trend of the shield tunneling machine advancing axis and the deviation rate of the shield tunneling machine advancing axis, by using data features, screening is analyzed to effectively give an alarm, alarm efficiencyis improved, the accuracy and effectiveness of deviation alarming for the shield tunneling machine advancing axis are improved, losses caused by invalid alarm are reduced, interference is eliminated,continuous alarm in a deviation state is avoided, and construction efficiency is improved.