The utility model discloses a high-efficient polycrystalline silicon ingot casting furnace with a heat insulation protective plate. The high-efficient polycrystalline silicon ingot casting furnace comprises a furnace body, a heat insulation cage body arranged in the furnace body and a quartz crucible arranged in the heat insulation cage body, and is characterized in that a bottom plate is attached to the bottom surface of the quartz crucible, the protective plate is attached on the peripheral surface of the quartz crucible, and one end of the protective plate, which is close to the bottom plate, is connected with the bottom plate through a heat insulation material plate. The technical scheme provided by the utility model has the beneficial effects that, by changing the heat supply capabilities of upper and lower parts of side part heaters and the heat conduction capabilities of all the parts of the peripheral protective plate of the crucible, the bottom plate and a DS heat radiation block, the distribution of a temperature field in the ingot casting furnace can be effectively controlled, the phenomena of melting and bulging of the center of a crystal growth interface can be improved, a solid-liquid interface tends to be flat, the technical scheme is further favorable for discharge of impurities during the crystal growth process, and a high-efficient polycrystalline silicon ingot with low content of the impurities and relatively uniform grains can be further produced.