Provided are a substrate having concave-convex patterns, a light-emitting diode (LED) including the substrate, and a method of fabricating the LED. The LED includes a substrate, and concave-convex patterns disposed in an upper surface of the substrate and having convexes and concaves defined by the convexes. Unit light-emitting device having a first conductive semiconduct or layer, an active layer, and a second conductive semiconductor layer disposed on the substrate in sequence is present.