A soundproof structure has one or more soundproof cells. Each of the one or more soundproof cells includes a frame having a through-hole, a film fixed to the frame, and an opening portion configured to include one or more holes drilled in the film. Neither end portions of the through-hole of the frame are closed. The soundproof structure has a shielding peak frequency, which is determined by the opening portion of each of the one or more soundproof cells and at which a transmission loss is maximized, on a lower frequency side than a first natural vibration frequency of the film of each of the one or more soundproof cells, and selectively insulates sound in a predetermined frequency band including the shielding peak frequency at its center. Accordingly, there is provided a soundproof structure that is light and thin, does not depend on the position and shape of a hole, has high robustness as a sound insulation material, is stable, has air permeability, has no heat, and is excellent in manufacturability, and a soundproof structure manufacturing method.