Simplification of a preparation step of a cell population used for the treatment of ischemic diseases, and provision of a cell population that shows more effective treatment are shown. A method of producing a cell population wherein a vascular endothelial progenitor cell and/or an anti-inflammatory macrophage are/is enriched, including cultivating a mononuclear cell derived from bone marrow, cord blood or peripheral blood in a serum-free medium containing stem cell factor, interleukin-6, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, thrombopoietin and vascular endothelial cell growth factor, and proliferating vascular endothelial progenitor cell from the cell; and a cell population obtained by the method are shown.