Disclosed are an apparatus and method for testing a luminaire based on USB. The apparatus for testing a luminaire based on USB includes a power measurement unit for measuring power consumption by measuring power input from a host system to a luminaire based on USB; a message interpretation unit for generating a result of interpretation of a message based on a USB-based control message sent and received between the host system and the luminaire; an illuminance reception unit for receiving a result of measurement of illuminance of the luminaire, measured by a light reception device; and an information generation unit for generating test result information based on a result of the measurement of the power consumption, the result of the interpretation of the message, and the result of the measurement of the illuminance.