The present invention relates to a 5th-generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system to be provided to support a higher data transmission rate beyond a 4th-generation (4G) communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). The present invention relates to a method for performing a random access process by a base station in a communication system supporting a beamforming scheme, the method comprising the steps of: transmitting information on a reception beam corresponding to each unit time interval; performing, in each unit time interval, a reception beam sweeping process on the basis of the reception beam corresponding to each unit time interval; stopping the reception beam sweeping process when, in the process of performing the reception beam sweeping process, it is detected that a random access process should be performed with a UE in a specific unit time interval; and performing the random access process with the UE.