Various embodiments described herein use a set of capacitor sets (e.g., capacitor banks) in a power backup architecture for a memory sub-system, where each capacitor set can be individually checked for a health condition (e.g., in parallel) to determine their respective health after the memory sub-system has completed a boot process. In response to determining that at least one capacitor set has failed the health condition (or a certain number of capacitor sets have failed the health condition), the memory sub-system can perform certain operations prior to primary power loss to the memory sub-system (e.g., preemptively performs a data backup process to ensure data integrity) and can adjust the operational mode of the memory sub-system (e.g., switch it from read-write mode to read-only mode).