A method of luminance compensation includes; generating luminance compensation data based on test image data, each of the test image data corresponding to one gray level, and each of the luminance compensation data including compensation values corresponding to the one gray level, generating intra-plane data based on the luminance compensation data, one of the intra-plane data being generated based on one of the luminance compensation data, generating inter-plane stream data based on the intra-plane data, one of the inter-plane stream data being generated based on data blocks included in the intra-plane data and disposed at a same location within the intra-plane data, and sequentially storing the inter-plane stream data in a memory.