Disclosed is an operating method of an encoder, which includes receiving a first bit stream including first to N-th bits, determining at least one symbol in the first bit stream, wherein the at least one symbol includes “M” consecutive bits each having the first bit value or the second bit value, and generating a first data packet including a first header and at least one packet symbol. The first header includes a least symbol address of a first symbol of the at least one symbol and an inverted value of a bit value of the first bit, a first packet symbol of the at least one packet symbol includes a bit value of the first symbol, a least symbol address of a second symbol of the at least one symbol, and an inverted value of a bit value of a next bit of the first symbol.