A three-dimensionally structured semiconductor light emitting diode includes a first conductivity-type semiconductor rod having integral first and second portions, the first portion defining a first surface, the second portion defining a second surface opposite the first surface, and a side surface between the first and second surfaces, an active layer and a second conductivity-type semiconductor layer on the side surface of the first conductivity-type semiconductor rod, the active layer and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer being on the second portion of the first conductivity-type semiconductor rod, an insulating cap layer on the second surface of the first conductivity-type semiconductor rod, a transparent electrode layer on the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer, and a passivation layer on the transparent electrode layer and exposing a portion of the transparent electrode layer, the passivation layer extending to cover ends of the active layer and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer adjacent to the first surface.